MEDIA APPROACHES IN TUNGIASIS AWARENESS CREATION: A CASE STUDY OF VIHIGA COUNTY, KENYA

Abstract

Tungiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by the Tunga penetrans flea, remains a critical public health challenge in Vihiga County, Kenya, predominantly affecting socio-economically disadvantaged populations. Despite its high prevalence, awareness within the local community is minimal, with health communication efforts playing a significant role in the lack of awareness. Media approaches, particularly those designed for rural settings, can provide vital support in disseminating disease-related information. However, the effectiveness of these communication strategies in rural Kenya, specifically concerning Tungiasis, is understood. This study examines the media approaches employed to raise awareness about Tungiasis in Vihiga County and evaluates their effectiveness. Anchored in the pragmatic research philosophy, the study adopted a cross-sectional research design employing mixed method approach. Quantitative data were collected from 400 community respondents selected through purposive sampling, while qualitative insights were drawn from eight Key Informant Interviews and eight Focus Group Discussions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that 62% of respondents had seen or heard Tungiasis awareness messages, primarily through community events and outreach programs (49.7%). ANOVA results showed a significant difference in the perceived effectiveness of media approaches (F=6.374, p<0.001). Post-hoc analysis indicated that healthcare providers and radio/TV were significantly more effective than family/friends and printed materials in raising awareness. Qualitative results supported these findings, highlighting radio and community health promoters as the most trusted and accessible communication channels, particularly during outbreaks. Participants valued interactive community radio programs and visual materials for their clarity and inclusiveness. The study concludes that Tungiasis awareness in Vihiga County relies heavily on interpersonal and community-based media, though integrating mass media and digital tools could enhance message reach and consistency. An integrated, multimodal communication strategy that combines traditional media with digital technologies is recommended to enhance disease prevention efforts and community engagement.